A map of the Roman Empire and its surroundings from around the 4th century, showing Roman roads and cities and inns alongside them, as well as mountain ranges, forests, rivers, etc. The standardized map symbols and the mention of distances between cities, among other elements of the map, suggests that it was used by people to get around. (Length: 6.75 m, Height: 35 cm) Austrian National Library collection

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Map created by the Greek mathematician PTOLEMY. In order to depict the spherical earth on a flat surface, the equidistant conic projection method was used, and the concept of latitude and longitude was also introduced.
British Library collection

The largest remaining Mappa Mundi (world maps drawn in medieval Europe). It was painted on fine vellum (calf skin) using red and black ink and gold leaf.
(Width: 133 cm, Height: 158 cm) Hereford Cathedral collection

World map created by German cartographer Martin WALDSEEMÜLLER. The new continent of America and the Pacific Ocean were included in a map for the first time in the history of maps, which greatly changed the perception of Europeans.

This map, created by German pastor Heinrich BÜNTING, shows three regions of the world (Europe, Asia, and Africa) represented by clover leaves with Jerusalem at their center. It represents a Christian worldview centered on Jerusalem.

This is an ancient map of Japan. Although it is thought that a monk from the Nara period named GYOKI created this map, no copy of the original map exists at present and its authenticity is unknown. However, this map was used as the prototype for Japanese maps for a long time, and it is believed that all Japanese maps before the appearance of NAGAKUBO Sekisui and INO Tadataka in the mid-Edo period were based on this Gyoki's map.

Created by Antonio SALIBA, Maltese cartographer, astronomer, theologian and philosopher. Eight elemental spheres are drawn in concentric circles. Space is at the center followed by the earth's subsurface, surface, map, some natural phenomena and, at the outermost circle, the fire and light of the highest heaven.

Map of Iceland as depicted in the "Stage of the World" (Theatrum Orbis Terrarum) by ORTELIUS, the world's first modern atlas. It depicts the landscape of the time, including rivers, mountains, fjords, glaciers, and human settlements, as well as the eruption of Mount Hekla and legendary sea monsters.

Part of a road map published by Scottish translator John OGILBY. The scroll-shaped map is arranged in strips.

A color-coded plate showing the composition of the earth's crust, published in the work "Cosmos (Kosmos)" by HUMBOLDT, a German geographer who is regarded as the founder of modern geography.

An ukiyoe painting depicting roads and inns in vivid multicolored prints. Not only the inns but also the roads between them are depicted from a bird's eye view, and the topography of the roads and the slopes' variations are skillfully drawn with emphasis.

Collage work by an American folk artist. It is a combination of A4-sized panels which continue to be updated and expanded on a daily basis. There are over 3,200 panels in total.

MATSUDA is a painter from Wakayama Prefecture. He has visited many places around the world and paints world heritage sites and spectacular landscapes as motifs with a unique method of expression, hoping to "create a spirit of peace that connects people through painting." For several years since 2011, he has made a painting of the earth every year, expressing in it the feelings and impressions he felt while traveling around the world.